Using the Spanish Word Todo

Todo is a common Spanish adjective and pronoun that typically means all or every. Like most other adjectives, todo must match the noun it refers to in number and gender; when used as a pronoun, it also changes with number and gender according to the noun it replaces. Using Todo As an Adjective As an adjective, todo can come either directly before the noun or frequently before the definite article that comes before a noun. In this usage, todo is typically the equivalent of the English all before a plural noun and every before a singular noun. Vamos a tomar todas las medidas apropiadas para eliminar la discriminacià ³n. (We are going to take all appropriate means to eliminate discrimination.)Tenemos zapatos de todos tipos y colores. (We have shoes of all types and colors.)Todo el tiempo estoy pensando en ti. (I am thinking about you all the time.)Todas las personas son iguales, pero unas son mà ¡s iguales que otras. (All persons are equal, but some are more equal than others.)Hawà ¡i es el estado con mayor porcentaje de gente asià ¡tica de todo Estados Unidos. (Hawaii is the state with the highest percentage of Asian people in all of the United States.)El papa ha afirmado que toda persona tiene derecho a emigrar. (The pope has stated that each person has the right to emigrate.) Using Todo As a Pronoun As a pronoun, todo and its variations typically have the meaning of all, although the context can require other translations: Todo es posible. (Everything is possible.)Todos fueron a la playa. (They all went to the beach. Or, everyone went to the beach.)Todas estamos bajo mucha presià ³n. (All of us are under a lot of pressure.)Todo puede cambiar de un segundo. (Everything can change in a second.)Todo està ¡ bien. (All is well.)No todos quieren hacer negocio en Internet. (Not everyone wants to do business on the Internet.)A pesar de todo tenemos algo que festejar. (Despite everything, we have something to celebrate.) MiscellaneousUses for Todo Sometimes, todo can be used to add emphasis: El corazà ³n latà ­a a toda velocidad cuando te vi. (My heart was beating at a high speed when I saw you.)Te lo mostramos con todo detalle. (Were showing it to you in great detail.)Visitar Manzanillo es toda una aventura. (Visiting Manzanillo is quite an adventure.) Todo and its variations are used in various phrases and idioms: ante todo — primarily, principally, above everythinga pesar de todo — in spite of everythingasà ­ y todo — nevertheless, in spite of everythinga todo color — in full colora todo meter — at full speed, at full forcea todo pulmà ³n — with all ones might (a pulmà ³n is a lung)casi todo — almost everythingcon todo — nevertheless, in spite of everythingdel todo — entirely, without exceptionde todas todas — with absolute certaintyde todo en todo — absolutelyen todo y por todo — under all circumstancespor todo, por todas — in totalsobre todo — primarily, principally, above everythingtodo el mundo — everyone Using Todo With a Plural Form of Ser It is common in Spanish for a sentence of the form todo conjugated ser plural predicate to use a plural form of ser. The phenomenon, which contrasts with English usage, can be seen in these examples: No todo son millonarios en el bà ©isbol profesional. (Not everyone is a millionaire in professional baseball.)Todo son problemas. (Everything is a problem.)Todo son buenas noticias. (Its all good news.)Todo eran mentiras. (It was all lies.)

Sony Corporation Of America Et Al. V. Universal City...

Sony Corporation of America et al. v. Universal City Studios, Inc., et al. Petitioner: Sony Corp. Respondent: Universal City Studios, Inc. KEY TERMS: Fair Use: Have valid reasons for infringe another’s copyright under certain situations that are legal without permission from the copyright owner. It must be determined that the use is only for non-commercial or nonprofit purposes by considering â€Å"the nature of the copyrighted work†, â€Å"the amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole†, and â€Å"the effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work† (Copyright Act). Examples include collections in libraries open to the public or related to academic research. Time-Shifting: Record the program so viewers can see the program later, especially if they will miss it. Authorized uses - Copyright holders decided to allow copying of their material. Unauthorized uses - still allowed under ‘fair use’ statute 107 to 118 of Title 17, copyright law. Copyright Infringement: Using works that are protected by copyright law and infringing the right of the copyright holder. Contributory Infringement: Patent Act brands anyone who â€Å"actively induces infringement of a patent† as an infringer, 35 U.S.C. 271(b) and imposes liability on individuals labeled â€Å"contributory† infringers 271(c). BACKGROUND INFO: Universal City Studios, Inc. (UCS) originally sued Sony Corp. of America (SCA) because some peopleShow MoreRelatedContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 PagesHong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With oYces in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York ß Oxford University Press 2006 The moralRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesa German company. Eurotunnel – clash of cultures threatens to derail Anglo–French rail link. Ryanair – competitive challenge and strategic choice in the budget airline industry. 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Essay on Human Behaviour and Social Norms Free Essays

Running head: HUMAN BEHAVIOUR AND SOCIAL NORMS Do social norms influence human behaviour? Human behaviour is the response to given stimuli, which are socially and environmentally affected. This response is something that can easily be influenced and shaped through many personal, situational, social, biological, mental factors. In this essay the case of social norms influencing human behaviour will be analyzed using previous studies. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay on Human Behaviour and Social Norms or any similar topic only for you Order Now Social norms are part of a larger influential scale generally named as social influence. Social influence is the exercise of power that an individual or a group can use on other individuals or society in order to alter their attitudes, behaviours and lead them to a desired direction. Social influence has as an outcome three different behavioural patterns, which are conformity, compliance and obedience. All of them will be discussed, but especially conformity and compliance, which mainly include the influence of social norms on behaviour (Franzoi, 2009; Cialdini Goldstein, 2004). Firstly, conformity in general is the action to adapt with the behaviour of the rest of the people due to perceived group pressure. Practically, this means that the way people dress, entertain themselves, protest, work, eat, go on vacations, disclose themselves and substantially anything an individual can occupy himself, is formed by group’s direction and tendencies because the majority of people, if not all of them, try to socialize and be accepted by their society in any possible way. This phenomenon is called conformity and it is an ambiguous question if independence, which indeed is a reality, exists anyway. This happens because people voluntarily direct their independence towards society’s preferences and tendencies in order to feel that they belong somewhere and they have a particular social identity (Franzoi, 2009). The second factor of influence is the compliance and it is has to do with the public and clear acceptance of one’s person to act according to given social direction by the indicated social power. However, compliance can be divided into internal and external. This means that a person can comply with a situation either because someone else indirectly forces him or either because he believes he should act like this. For example, if someone asks his friend to lie in order not to have problems with parents (e. g. cover a sneaking out) but he does it in the name of friendship even if he does not really want it, this is a clear example of external force making you to comply. Internal compliance is the opposite state where personal beliefs and attitudes force you to do something without having any external pressure to do something. This issue is very important because in the case of external compliance, social norms are in a great influential position in contrast to internal compliance where personal beliefs mainly take place on the decisional process (Franzoi, 2009). On the other hand obedience is the total performance of a given order by social power without any resistance against it or trial to sustain independence. Social power is the available social sources through social acceptance and social status that a person or a group of people can have in order to exercise persuasion and give motivation to make people change or fulfill their requests. Consequently, these three parts of social influence represents the levels of personal accordance to social patterns, authoritarian or not. Specifically, it can be noticed that the level of individual’s independence sets if a situation is more about conformity (unconscious but voluntary acceptance of the norms), or compliance (internal or external acceptance) or obedience (total accordance to social power) (Cook et al. , as cited in Franzoi, 2009; Franzoi, 2009). Focusing more one the aspect of conformity and the influence of social norms, there are specific factors that affect conformity and levels of social norms’ influence on it. These factors can be situational, personal and cultural. Situational factors can be group size, group cohesiveness, and social support. Group size is important because as Asch (1955) found, the larger the group, the bigger the phenomenon of conformity due to social norms. Group cohesiveness makes the group to have greater bonds due to similarity and ability to easily show empathy to each other (Christensen et al. , 2004) and social support is noticed to groups with higher levels of cohesiveness and bonding. On the other hand, there are personal factors ffecting the type of conformity such as self-awareness (ability to understand own self), self-presentation (try to present ideal self in order to conform), personal control (desire to feel that one has control, as a human right, over particular situations) and gender (gender differences- women are more likely to conform) (Franzoi, 2009). Based on all the previously referred material, conformity is totally driven by social norms, norms that are not written but sometimes are more powerful than law; the way that a person conforms to society affects the level and type of his compliance to society’s requests. For example, if a person has as personal characteristic not to like altering his self-image/ presentation based on society’s preferences due to his intense belief in independence, it is possible that this person will comply more difficult because of external motivation instead of internal. On the other hand, this means that if a person has an internal compliance only to smile to people who knows and not to anybody else due to his belief, this will affect the way that he conforms to the social norm of smiling to people in general in order to be kind. This shows how social norms can affect conformity and consequently compliance and the other way around, respectively. Furthermore, people have a tendency to create and maintain meaningful relationships with other people because they need socializing as human beings, which is called as affiliation. Affiliation is a good example of internal compliance. This motivation makes the compliance to socializing and dedicating energy and time on building relationships, an internal acceptance for personal growth (Franzoi, 2009; Cialdini Goldstein, 2004). Nevertheless, there is the issue of how and when external compliance to social norms such as stereotyping occurs. In particular, Bargh and Chartrand (1999) did a study on automaticity of behaviour and found that when people are unconsciously pre-occupied with e. g. stereotyping words, even if they believe that stereotyping is wrong, they are likely to stereotype because they unconsciously externally comply with the given stimuli. Stereotyping is a form of social norm. People may stereotype in order to protect themselves; for example, filthy aggressive people on the street may be perceived as thieves or criminals. So there are two outcomes on this example. One person may believe that the appearance cannot indicate anything about personal characteristics but in the end he conforms to the social norm and try to avoid him as the other people around him do (external compliance). On the other hand, one may truly believe that these kinds of people are definitely criminals because he might have a bad experience in the past so he avoids him due to his belief (internal compliance to the social norm of avoiding this kind of people) (Franzoi, 2009; Cialdini Goldstein, 2004; Bargh Chartrand, 1999). Rimal and Real (2005) did a study on how perceived norms affect human behaviour with college students in order to investigate intentions to alcohol consumption. They proposed the theory of normative social behaviour that includes three mechanisms: injunctive norms (such as social approval), outcome expectations (such as personal benefits) and group identity (such as similarity). Their hypothesis was that these three mechanisms are able to moderate the influence of social norms on the human behaviour. Indeed, their results showed that these normative mechanisms could predict the intention of alcohol consumption to college students. Consequently, this study is a clear answer to the question whether social norms affect human behaviour. In addition, Rivis and Sheeran (2003) did a study on Theory of planned behaviour in order to find out whether added descriptive norms can be good predictors of human behaviour in the particular model. Their results showed that younger participants and health risk behaviours are greatly related to stronger correlation between intentions of behaviour and descriptive norms; confirming that behaviour is affected by norms. As a conclusion, the general point of view in all these theories and facts is that social norms affect human behaviour through the state of conformity and compliance. Substantially, the intentions of behaviour can be affected either implicitly or explicitly. People conform to the society in order to be accepted and comply with various social norms that conformity requires through implicit/internal or explicit/external way. Even if personal and situational factors may influence the level of compliance and conformity, people constantly comply with various requests either due to personal beliefs or due to accepting other’s personal beliefs. Word count: 1. 440 References Asch, S. E. (1955). Opinions and social pressure. Scientific American, 31-35. Bargh, J. A. , Chartrand, T. L. (1999). The unbearable automaticity of being. American Psychologist, 54, 462-479. Christensen, P. N. , Rothberger, H. , Wood, W. , Maltz, D. C. (2004). Social norms and identity relevance: A motivational approach to normative behaviour. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 1295-1309. Cialdini, R. B. , Goldstein, N. J. (2004). Social influence: Compliance and conformity. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 591-621. Franzoi, S. L. (2009). Social psychology (5th ed. ). New York: McGraw-Hill. Rimal, R. N. , Real, K. (2005). How behaviours are influenced by perceived norms: A test of the theory of normative social behaviour. Communication Research, 32, 389-414. Rivis, A. , Sheeran, P. (2003). Descriptive norms as an additional predictor in the theory of planned behaviour: A meta-analysis. Current psychology, 22, 218-233. How to cite Essay on Human Behaviour and Social Norms, Essay examples

Leadership for Documented - Researched and Tested - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theLeadership for Documented, Researched and Tested. Answer: Introduction Leaders are the critical assets of any organization in todays compelling world. The rising market competition, the ever changing needs and dynamically modifying demands make it even more difficult for organizations to succeed (Wang and Hackett, 2016). The role of the leaders of the organization thus becomes more challenging and demanding. The leaders with their vision and mode of execution devise the path of success and enable companies to perform. Leaders not only draft strategic plans but also lay down a roadmap that leads to achievements of goals (Amundsen and Martinsen, 2014). They participate in the issues, they enable the teams to perform and they enhance the productivity of the entire organization. The leaders, irrespective of their style, approach and method perform their duties and fulfill them. They are inspirational and motivates for any task completion (Nayab, 2011). They provide guidance and give the chance of innovation to all. They do not act like a boss, but prefer th emselves to be a team member. Leadership is a very challenging task. With time, the prospects of being a leader have changed remarkably. A lot many leadership theories have been formulated, documented, researched and tested. These theories spread the awareness of the various styles of leadership, their key skills, their competencies and the approaches to ensure results (Kimmorley, 2015). A leader may be devising its own methods or it may be utilizing the already known styles altogether to create their own signature. Even the characteristics of each leader influences their style of leadership and makes an impact to the organization overall. Leaders are thus, the impeccable part of an organization that drives the company and its employees towards meeting their own professional as well as personal targets. The report presented below critically analysis the role of three leaders that have made a mark in the organization with their leadership. They have their unique strategies and have succeeded in the work place. This report also analysis their work style, the approach towards handling difficult situations and the correlation of theories to the management style. At the end of the report a recommendation for the maintainability of the success driving factors of the leaders is mentioned. The conclusion drawn reflects the link between the theoretical aspects and the practical scenarios. Discussion Leaders are important for an organization and effectiveness of leadership is essential for leaders. Leadership styles drive the factors of growth for the company. Each leader brings something new to the organization by implementing and executing the techniques that their leadership styles invoke (Northouse, 2015). The leaders create their impact with the methods they use and the principles they follow. Driving the organizations to lead in the market or with the idea of making a difference creates impact on its employees as well. Therefore a leader, his experience and work methodology do shape and define the future of its organization. Below mentioned are the briefly detailed introductions, roles and the achievements accolade to the leaders with specifications for selecting them. David Rohrsheim Leading the Australian division of Uber Inc. David holds the position of General Manager in the company. He was the initiator of Uber services in Australia in the year 2012. He holds a business management degree from Stanford University Graduate School of Business and has served many companies over time (Fairhurst and Connaughton, 2014). His work span varies to around 18 years, starting from 2015 and has held many positions since. His experience constitutes learnings from the domain of marketing, operations, safety, recruiting, legal, public policy communications. David was the first employee of the company on the country, who was involved in brining the San Francisco based business to Australia. After successful deployment in Sydney, he helped in expanding the business to other cities of the country including Melbourne, Brisbane, Auckland and five other places (Avolio and Yammarino, 2013). He is actively involved in managing the exponentially rising business. He has also contributed in developing employability options for partner drivers on Uber platform (Uber's success based simply on giving customers what they wanted, 2017). As an engineer holding a First Class Honors degree from Adelaide University, he was the president of his college. The traits above show that he was not only exceptionally well at academics, but was also known to have performed well overall as he won the presidential election. His prominent traits reflected from the achievements are intelligence, friendliness, discipline and fearlessness (Choudhary, Akhtar and Zaheer, 2013). The characteristics show that while he was a good and effective communicator, he was capable of managing his duties towards academics as well as other activities that were crucial too. The leadership traits were visible from his academic days, where he was elected as the president of his college. He later surfaced as the international leader of transportation giant. His hard work, dedication, learning from the situations and the ability to face failures make him an exceptional leader. In an interview once he exclaimed that he was comfortable with people having a f oolish impression of him (Wells, 2014). He credited this important learning to his professor at Stanford University. His exceptional courage to invite an outside brand and stabilizing it in a different country is appreciable. His ability to lead in the new areas, the non failing determination for succeeding and the inherent traits of being a leader with intelligence has made him a remarkable business person with a different identity (Herman and Chiu, 2014). His approach towards working and dealing with problems remain simply to not to care about other opinion. He is comfortable with learning from failures and observant from the adverse scenarios. He is well aware of the fact that usually people demoralize more than motivate for seeing the brighter side of things (Collins and Collins, 2007). He has adjusted his vision and the companys goals so as to only see the big picture and learn from the failures. Daniel Flynn Known as one of the most successful entrepreneurs of Australia, Daniel Flynn, the co-founder and managing director of Thankyou, has created an impression as an inspirational leader because of his efforts and vision. Driven by the motivation to eradicate poverty and help the developing countries with the bare essentials of living, he and his friends founded the company Thankyou Water. The company was originally founded with the purpose of funding water projects in developing nations by launching a bottled water product (Are you the right kind of leader for the future? 2016). With the growth and expansion in time, Thankyou grew towards other ranges of food and body care products in order to fund food and health and hygiene products as well. Later the brand was renamed to Thankyou which is now a shareholder free company with its first international market in New Zealand. Flynn credits the success of his journey to the support of his friends. He acknowledges that while being a beginner in the entrepreneurial domain had its challenges, yet the collective team effort and determination kept them moving. Despite the less acquaintance to the business world and its paradigms, the aim and vision of the company was always the top most priority for its founding members. Daniel has successfully written and published a book titled as Chapter One and dedicated 100% of its profits to support the future of Thankyou. He has been awarded with the title of Victorian Youth Australian of the year for 2 consecutive years of 2014 and 2015. Daniels interviews highlight the factors of success to his ability to learn from the people around and the desire to progress while making mistakes. He is known to possess the participative and collaborative style of leadership. His characteristics observed from his work are humble nature, desire to serve human kind and determination for growth. His exquisite qualities and vision of helping the developing countries makes him a charismatic and moving leader that inspires. The growth of his company under his leadership, the expansion of products and the idea of serving people has been appreciated in the entire country and supported by the citizens as well (Riding waves of innovation to an optimistic future, 2016). His approach towards the success of the company is through participative leadership techniques. The collaborative efforts and combined determination is the reason behind companys success. He is also known to have the open mindset with the ability to deal with mistakes and per form well by learning from them. Daniel and his team were working very hard and efficiently to launch the range of Thankyou products, in the year 2013, but was not able to produce certain output. That is when he decided to reach out to the Coles and Woolworths with his own campaign to convince them to encourage stocking up of the products for Australian consumption. He devised the campaign with primarily highlighting the human touch factor to the offerings (Van Hemmen, Alvarez, Peris-Ortiz and Urbano, 2015). He focused the benefits the developing nations will receive by stocking these products. Using his influential leadership abilities he hosted the campaign. His characteristics and honest efforts to help people gain access to food and water and hygiene products were brightly visible (New era for innovative businesses. 2017). The data that moved behind the campaign represented that over three years the company was able to provide water to over 15,000 people. His efforts bore fruits and the company agreed to serve its stock to Australian consumers, which enabled Thankyou to serve 56,000 people in the span of next eight months. His leadership effectiveness also conveyed the message bright and clear to the consumers of Australia who seem to have liked the concept and shown appreciation to it. The acknowledgement from the market and strong determination of the founding members proved that the concept worked (Sohmen, 2015). This enabled the company and Flynn to work towards it more efficiently. With the successful efforts during the time of the campaign motivated the founder to enter into international markets spreading the concept and its awareness amongst people. Thankyou has been able to convey marketers of New Zealand to participate in selling the products and become a part of the human movement. Daniel Fl ynn has been also working on his book with the sole purpose of using its profits to serve the major motive. Naomi Simson A women entrepreneur with the aim of inventing the service industry with online experience gift retailing based became one of the most successful business women in time. Naomi Simson is the founding director of the company RedBalloon. She is also a blogger, writer, philanthropist and thought leader. She started her marketing stint with many corporate giants and then left her job to accomplish her passion project of RedBalloon (Marx, 2015). She has recently resigned from her position as CEO of the company. She has many accolades like the EY Entrepreneur of the Year award, 2011, the Telstra Business Womens Awards for Innovation, 2008, and many more. The origination of the company was in her house with a small personal investment. Her simple yet creative idea for creating memories as gifts was her singly obsessed area of interest then in the founding years. She raised the companys brand and its reach and went to hit global markets with her uniqueness and quality. The beginning of the project was not smooth and it was her determination and single-minded passion that drove her business to the heights. Today the company RedBalloon stands in global services holding corporate customers from the big giants using Naomis company in paying one of a kind incentive. She made a difference by the service offering provided in the sector by keeping the memories as a method of gratitude or for gifting (Weng, Huang, Chen and Chang, 2015). The idea which started in Naomis home with a small investment grew to a high in demand service offering that dominated Australian market. The internationalization of the idea enhanced the reach of the company to farther distances and enabled Naomi to create itself as a brand (RedBalloon CEO, CMO depart as part of organisational restructure, 2017). The approach towards the leadership styles of Naomi stands unique in every way. She believed in her team and directed them to focus at the goal that was being targeted at. When her company grew large on a global scale, she credited the growth to her employees. Her transformational leadership work style, molding the innovative idea to a successful business and motivating the employees for excellence driven productivity is the key to success. Her exceptional abilities to reinvent a business and focus on the goal have created a respectful position (Kemp, Madsen and Davis, 2015). She is now a linked in influencer, a philanthropist, a thought leader and one of the inspiring entrepreneurs of the country. Her methods of expanding the business idea, determination and ability to handle the hardships have made her a very efficient business leader. Contrasting the leaders on critical perspective analysis Every leader is known for their styles and has designed their own techniques of leadership. Each leader personifies their styles of leading and working in their own manner. They may be inspired upon by various approaches or pervious learnings. Also, a majority of the leadership style comes from the experiences collected during the time (Kang, Solomon and Choi, 2015). Therefore, the comparison between leaders on the basis of a certain parameter seems to be a little unfair. Leaders are important for an organization and effectiveness of leadership is essential for leaders. Leadership styles drive the factors of growth for the company. Each leader brings something new to the organization by implementing and executing the techniques that their leadership styles invoke. Yet, on the basis of critical perspectives and impact of leadership abilities towards work environment, a little contrast can be drawn. The three factors on which the contrast for the above mentioned three leaders can be do ne are the characteristics on which the leaders are constructed by the accounts, the description of conceptualization of leadership by the leaders and the success conceptualization through leadership. The first contrasting feature is the way in which each leader is constructed as a leader by the account. In the case of the business leader David Rohrsheim, he shows exquisite personality traits and is the example of the theory of trait leadership (BELLO, 2015). He has in his previous time and during earlier work stages, shown the traits of a true leader, that makes him unique in every way and a true choice for being a leader. The second leader, Daniel Flynn is a participative leader, who collaborates all and moves further. His work has shown that he is good with team management and very efficient in communicating the message. This makes him remarkable and his goal for helping the human soles is a discrete quality, very less posses (Muchiri and McMurray, 2015). Our third leader, Naomi Simson is a dynamic, single-minded innovator who is known for her differentiating service abilities. She surfaced over the hardships and became an achiever by her true work and dedicated approaches. The se characteristics make them leaders in their own unique way. The second contrasting feature is the description of conceptualization of leadership, by the leaders. Each leader describes their personified definitions of leadership. For the first leader, David, the leadership is about effective communication to people, being uncomfortable with limits and truly not worrying about others opinion. This combined together, gives the ability to experiment, sustain and drive the unusual towards excellence (Bakker-Pieper and de Vries, 2013). Leadership is about being self with effective communicational skills. On the other hand Daniel conceptualizes leadership as the ability to stay humble and work collaboratively together to reach a unified goal. Making mistakes and learning from them do improve your abilities and make you a more efficient leader, is what Daniel appears to believe in. The third leader Naomi Simson seems to believe in creating a differentiated product or service offering and the leadership conceptualization is the ability to innovate in the market and work hard on achieving it makes them a true leader. The third attribute that conceptualizes success from the perspective of the three leaders is summarized below. The first leader David Rohrsheim conceptualizes the success as the ability to use the power of leadership ability to handle business well and do more with it is signified as success. He succeeded in developing and providing new employability options for Uber partner drivers is considered to be a significant achievement in terms of attaining success. For the second leader, Daniel Flynn, success conceptualization is not business related (Renko, El Tarabishy, Carsrud and Brnnback, 2015). He has been working with a major goal of serving humanity with business products. He and his company aims at reaching out to more people with more products that help them have better basic amenities. The success conceptualization of the same idea that is to reach out to maximum profit from the product offerings to enable the water, food and hygiene product needs to the developing nations is the attribute. The third leader Naomi Simson has worked efficiently hard to make her company rise from the ashes. She has been working on her idea and created a fully functional operational unit of an online service entity. Her leadership is quoted to be most influential and she is a well recognized thought leader (Baporikar, 2015). Her success conceptualization is referred to as the ability to overcome hardships in the process of development of idea. She focuses on single-minded goal achievement that makes work does not feel like work and drives towards excelling. She recommends working for the most valued idea and giving the best possible efforts to make it come to reality is the success come true factor. From the above contrasting features, it becomes evidently clear that every leader has their specific style, attribute and skills (Karol, 2015). Each of them moved with a dream that turned into an achievable goal and they developed paths to attain them facing all the hard ships. Recommendation The leadership theories that surfaced by critical analysis of the three theories reflects that they can be personalized for specific requirement or by specific person. These theories are applicable to their most precise form. The ability of a leader is judged by his efficiency in producing outcome. These leaders are all well focused and worked for attaining goals in their own specific way. To continue enhancing their styles of leadership and to remain more productive they should learn from the characteristics of others to keep their services and products enhanced. David who is a business minded person focused at effective communication, which indeed is a way to reach out to people for convincing them. Daniel on the other hand was humble and worked for a greater cause, giving its leadership the human touch of kindness and softness. These qualities are also required to earn reputation and respect in a leader. Naomi gives the clear thought provoking idea of focused attention and strong determination to reach the goal. She also teaches to have faith in the believed idea and stick to it, even during harsh times. This concludes with the combined recommendation put together from the learnings of all the three leaders who have successfully worked in their fields and have made their own name. Conclusion Leadership is one of the most crucial aspects of business success and growth. It helps companies in creating a significant impact on success. Effective leadership creates a significant and well defined impact on organizations competitiveness. With expanding reach of companies innovation and creativity has been the most demanded attributes of the employees. An effective leader is able to manage and maintain innovative team for organizational growth. The overall evaluation focused on leadership aspects of different leaders in order to analyze and evaluate their style of leadership in the current competitive era. Leadership styles of Daniel Flynn, Naomi Simson and David Rohrsheim has been analyzed and evaluated in the study. The evaluation clearly reflects that communication, guidance and long term perception are the common attributes of an effective leader. The success of the individual businesses was due to sincere contribution of the leaders. However, in the modern era effective leadership demands efficient consideration of situational factors. Democratic leadership is successful in moderate business situations however the situation of emergency demands autocratic leadership. This helps the organizations in effectively linking the business goals with long term vision. The innovative ideas of the selected leaders were converted into a successful business plan on the basis of effectiveness and efficiency. The report critically analyzes the role of three leaders that have made a mark in the organization with their leadership. They have their unique strategies and have succeeded in the work place. This report also analysis their work style, the approach towards handling difficult situations and the correl ation of theories to the management style. Reference Amundsen, S., Martinsen, . L. (2014). Empowering leadership: Construct clarification, conceptualization, and validation of a new scale.The Leadership Quarterly,25(3), 487-511. Are you the right kind of leader for the future? (2016). [Online]. Available Through: https://www.theguardian.com/guardian-events-australia/2016/sep/14/intergenerate-melbourne-are-you-the-right-kind-of-leader-for-the-future. 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Y., Chen, L. M., Chang, L. Y. (2015). Exploring the impact of transformational leadership on nurse innovation behaviour: a cross?sectional study.Journal of nursing management,23(4), 427-439.

War and Violence predisposition in human beings

Introduction We can trace war and violence from the beginning of recorded history of human beings. Even before then, humans have always been violent and at war for various reasons.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on War and Violence: predisposition in human beings specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Today, many people still prefer war and violence as means of solving some issues or world affairs. Human beings have perpetuated war and violence due to their greed, pride, and hatred. People kill one another because of hatred or the need to acquire what others possess. Nations arm themselves and opt for wars because they need world respect or resources from other nations. Violent men have ascended to power through bloody wars and violence in order to satisfy their desires. Others have used religion to justify killings of others or themselves. It is obvious that men have used wars and violence to end wars. However, this has not been an effective solution because there are new realities of wars and potential war threats. This observation has led some scholars to conclude that wars and violence are unavoidable and basic realities of human cultures. We can understand wars and violence from various perspectives. In this essay, we look at war and violence from the point of view of Oroonoko by Behn. War and Violence: predisposition in human beings From Oroonoko, we can understand that the text presents anti-colonial ideas. It shows slavery in its worst form. In other words, the text associated slavery with greed, brutality, and dishonesty. Behn’s text expresses great dissatisfaction with the beheading of King Charles I and several attempts to assassinate Charles II. Behn attempted to show that violence and greed were predisposition in the Britons. The author also notes betrayal and dishonesty that come with violence. For instance, â€Å"the British captain wins trust of Oroonoko† (Behn 28) by befriending him. However, the captain betrays and lies to Oroonoko by selling him to Trefry. These acts of betrayal and lies are also present in other people of authority Oroonoko interacts with like Surinam. Behn also reflects Byam as a person who greed as consumed by writing, â€Å"he was one who loved to live at others’ expense† (Behn 70). Majorities agree that the main causes of wars are greed, economic issues, and inequality in society. This argument posits that we engage in wars and violence in order to progress their economic aims. Such engagements may aim at previously denied resources or attempts to gain access and control of resources.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this context, greed has been the main force behind wars and violence. For instance, the ability of people to gain access to resources that they can loot enhances conflict. This conflict emanates f rom greed because of the possible gains in terms of profits or other tangible or intangible gains. War, Violence, and Resources We need to understand that people engage in wars for various reasons. It is important to draw a distinction between wars for resources and amassing of resources for other purposes. We understand that warring factions may need an adequate supply of resources to keep them in the battlefield. However, problems emerge when people fight to accumulate resources for the sake it. This is because resource accumulation and support to warring factions differ. It is difficult to identify distinctions between conflict for resources and conflict to accumulate resources because courses of wars often change before completion of wars. Initial causes of wars may be genuine. However, as conflicts advance, greed may become a new defining factor in conflicts. This is usually evident from a change from a collective objective to privileged objective of the few. Therefore, wars an d violence when viewed under economic rationale depict various reasons for engaging in them. In this context, we have to understand how people use wars to pursue economic agendas. British developed their economies by using slaves from Africa. They had to capture and sale slaves for economic gains. Behn’s work promoted the need to eradicate slavery. The author depicts wars and violence of slavery as evil. This is because whites used cruel acts against slaves. For instance, the author notes: â€Å"when they thought they were sufficiently revenged on him, they untied him as he almost fainted due to the loss of blood, from a thousand wounds all over his body and led him bleeding and naked as he was, and loaded him all over with irons and then rubbed his wounds, to complete their cruelty, with Indian pepper† (Behn 67). Such acts only depicted violence against slaves, which British exploited to create fear among slaves.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on War and Violence: predisposition in human beings specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Behn notes, â€Å"those who want slaves make a bargain with a master or a captain of a ship, and contract to pay him so much apiece, a matter of twenty pound a head, for as many as he agrees for, and to pay for ’em when they shall be delivered on such a plantation† (Behn 3). For the British, the option of economic success depended on exploiting African slaves. However, such economic gain came with considerable wars and violence at the expense of slaves. The British became profit-seeking people in their own ways as Behn noted, â€Å"those whom we make use of in our plantations of sugar are Negroes, black slaves altogether† (Behn 3). The British had to control territories and monopolize slave trade. They also derived huge profits due to constant demands. Slaves were the main economic drivers of wars and conflicts. Past wars and violenc e have shown that most wars emanated out of the need to accumulate resources. For instant, Charles Taylor managed to get millions of dollars from Liberia every year by focusing on the country’s main resources like diamond, iron ore, and timber among others. In Cambodia, Khmer Rouge also plundered the country’s resources like timber and gems with the help of his Thai associates. Wars and conflicts in Africa usually revolve around resources like diamonds and oils. These minerals are lucrative commodities of facilitating wars. Wars and conflicts manifested themselves in different ways against slaves. Violence in society manifests itself in a number of ways. These include murder, assault, rape, war, slander, betrayal, massacre, and execution among others. Behn’s book depicts the worst form of execution ever by stating â€Å"so inhuman were the justices who stood by to see the execution, who after paid dearly enough for their insolence. They cut Caesar in quarters, and sent them to several of the chief plantations† (Behn 63). The execution of Caesar shows how people can turn aggressive based on the prevailing circumstance. Human beings tend to learn aggression from others. There is a notion that the use of violence and aggressive tendencies guarantee the desired results regardless of suffering people endure during the course. This is the belief that people have used to be aggressive and promote violence for the sake of achieving resources or power they desire. The use of wars strengthened obedience among slaves while physical coercion ensured that slave masters had absolute control over slaves. However, usages of wars and violence only provide temporary solutions. This is because when violence ends, subjects also reduce their levels of obedience to authorities. This is why slave masters used constant vigilance to watch slaves. However, slaves had to revolt against their masters because of excessive violence and threats.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Most people argue that their wars and violence have credible cause. This is not true because negative effects of wars are devastating in society. This means we cannot use either religion or any other way to justify acts of wars and violence. Slave masters turned to violence because they felt that they could not control slaves due to the decline of their power. The use of violence against subjects may reveal weaknesses among rulers. Countries may engage in wars and acts of violence to test their power and control over others. Protracted wars only enhance further usage violence. Wars and violence enhance superiority of people. For instance, Behn shows that Britons were superior over natives. On the other hand, she portrays native people as savages who also engaged in acts of atrocities and violence. Conclusion Wars and violence have consumed values of the world. People have adopted ways that fit their desired outcomes. This means that people resort to violence and wars that only creat e chaotic societies. People create wars and violence based on their greed, pride, and hatred. Different economic and political reasons have fueled wars. People have blamed inequalities in allocations of resources or a lack of taking part in decision-making processes as the main causes of conflicts. Serious arguments have concentrated on the real factors that result into conflicts. Others have concluded that wars and violence take place due to economic inequalities. This argument originates from the idea that many people want more resources than they have. However, such people resort to force because they cannot gain access to such resources with ease. In this sense, we can conclude that greed is responsible for wars and violence in society. However, we also have needy people who need to gain access to resources for potential benefits. Greed reflects the idea of craving for more resources than needed. Therefore, people who fight for noble problems are not acting in the interest of gr eed. However, if this war aims to support privileged class, then greed undermines the noble fight. Some scholars have concluded that wars and violence are reactions to a number of problems people face in society such as scarcity of resources, violations of individuals’ rights, inequalities in power and resources distribution among others. War factors usually take racial or ethnic aspects as Behn shows in the book. The British used wars and violence against slaves to advance their economic agendas. Some forms of wars and violence are irrational because they lack worthwhile motives since most of them may originate from earlier hatred or vengeance. When we understand economic issues, then we have crucial factors that can help us formulate effective interventions for wars and violence. This suggests that we have to comprehend war economies and the role of greed in perpetuating violence. Works Cited Behn, Aphra. Oroonoko; or, the Royal Slave. London: W.W Norton Company, 2010. Pri nt. This essay on War and Violence: predisposition in human beings was written and submitted by user Braeden Snyder to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Community Based Instruction

Running head: COMMUNITY-BASED INSTRUCTION FOR STUDENTS WITH MENTAL RETARDATION The Value of Community-Based Instruction for Students with Mental Retardation Community-based instruction is â€Å"teaching a skill to a student in the actual environment as opposed to teaching the skill in a classroom with the expectation of transference, generalization, and application of knowledge when skill use is required† (Beirne-Smith, Ittenbach, & Patton, 2002). The five major areas of community-referenced curriculum are work, leisure and play, consumer, education and rehabilitation, and transportation. Normalization is â€Å"the process of providing for, and to the maximum extent possible, treating an individual with special needs in the mainstream of society as if the individual has no special needs† (Beirne-Smith et al ., 2002). According to Beck, Broers, Hogue, Shipstead, and Knowlton (1994) normalization stresses environments and circumstances that are as culturally normal as possible to enhance behaviors that are culturally normal as possible. An example would be teaching the skills needed for daily living in the community. Practicing skills in the environment in which the skills are to be used gives the students with mental retardation a greater chance these skills will be remembered when it comes time to use them. Community-based instruction is most widely used by special education students with severe mental retardation. As reflected in Chapter 8 of Mental Retardation, students with mental retardation do not benefit from wasted time in the classroom learning unnecessary skills. The most useful learning activities are both functional and age appropriate. Learning for these students is most greatly enhanced through direct experience. According to Beirne-Smith et al. (2002) typically curriculum for students with severe mental retardation includes skill in the domains of self-help, domestic, leisure, communication, vocational,... Free Essays on Community Based Instruction Free Essays on Community Based Instruction Running head: COMMUNITY-BASED INSTRUCTION FOR STUDENTS WITH MENTAL RETARDATION The Value of Community-Based Instruction for Students with Mental Retardation Community-based instruction is â€Å"teaching a skill to a student in the actual environment as opposed to teaching the skill in a classroom with the expectation of transference, generalization, and application of knowledge when skill use is required† (Beirne-Smith, Ittenbach, & Patton, 2002). The five major areas of community-referenced curriculum are work, leisure and play, consumer, education and rehabilitation, and transportation. Normalization is â€Å"the process of providing for, and to the maximum extent possible, treating an individual with special needs in the mainstream of society as if the individual has no special needs† (Beirne-Smith et al ., 2002). According to Beck, Broers, Hogue, Shipstead, and Knowlton (1994) normalization stresses environments and circumstances that are as culturally normal as possible to enhance behaviors that are culturally normal as possible. An example would be teaching the skills needed for daily living in the community. Practicing skills in the environment in which the skills are to be used gives the students with mental retardation a greater chance these skills will be remembered when it comes time to use them. Community-based instruction is most widely used by special education students with severe mental retardation. As reflected in Chapter 8 of Mental Retardation, students with mental retardation do not benefit from wasted time in the classroom learning unnecessary skills. The most useful learning activities are both functional and age appropriate. Learning for these students is most greatly enhanced through direct experience. According to Beirne-Smith et al. (2002) typically curriculum for students with severe mental retardation includes skill in the domains of self-help, domestic, leisure, communication, vocational,...

Informative speech on poverty in africa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Informative speech on poverty in africa - Essay Example Historically Africa has always been a fertile area and remained rich in mineral deposits. After 1000 AD a number of small African states emerged with eccentric cultural settings (Davison 1966). This period is referred to as the 'late iron age.' Towards the east, the grassland zone emerged as rich in cattle, and gold. In this period an elaborate form of pottery was made. By the 13th century a Great Zimbabwe emerged. In the next three thousand years long distance trade with the word emerged. River Nile (6695 kms long) gave a bounteous opportunity to the millions of African people to build great societies like the Egyptian, Kushite and Meiotic. Africa is the unique region where music, dance, literature, religions, forests and fauna and flora have not only survived almost unblemished but also flourished in consistency and entirety. The world's oldest cultural heritage is preserved in Egypt Today more than 70 % population in Africa lives in the rural areas. This includes the sub-Saharan region. The main agricultural produce and exports of Africa are cassava, banana, cocoa, coffee, tea, rubber, maize and textile. Forest and forest products have also been a main source of livelihood for the African people. The mineral wealth is unprecedented in Africa.

Depletion of Social Security For The Retired Essay

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Health care marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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Evolution Of The Bric Countries And Their Future Economics Essay

Evolution Of The Bric Countries And Their Future Economics Essay Q1) Map the proposed sequence of evolution of the economy of the BRICS. What indicators might companies monitor to guide their investment and organize their local market operations? In 2001 the Goldman Sachs global economic team in their paper Dreaming with BRICs: The Path to 2050 developed the BRIC theory that groups together the economies of Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRICs). These countries look set to become the dominant economies by 2050. The BRICS have experienced a lot of changes in their economies. Around the middle of the 20th century China witnessed its communist revolution, India became independent, Brazil was controlled by the military for 21 years and Russia came out of the Second World War as a major rival to the US. This was just the starting point for the BRIC economies. Brazil During the financial crisis, Brazil remained very strong and its early recovery, including 2010 growth of 7.5%, has contributed to the countrys transition from a regional to a global power. (www.traveldocs.com) The economy is the worlds eighth-largest and is expected to rise to fifth within the next several years. Brazil is classified as an upper-middle-income country with a GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬973 billion. During the administration of former President Lula, surging exports, economic growth and social programs helped lift tens of millions of Brazilians out of poverty. For the first time, a majority of Brazilians are now middle-class, and domestic consumption has become an important driver of Brazilian growth. The economy of Brazil is characterised by large well developed agricultural, mining, manufacturing sectors and service sectors. The services sector takes the biggest share of their economy (66% of GDP), supplying services for the domestic economy mainly. Brazil has enjoyed sustained economic growth since the year 2004, which has increased the rate of employment and real wages. After an economic growth in 2007 and 2008, the global financial crisis finally hit Brazil however Brazil was one of the first emerging markets to stage a recovery, with GDP growth returning to positive levels. Brazil is becoming a global power like the other BRIC nations. There are a number of reasons for this. Brazil is involved in major manufacturing industries such as aerospace, bio-ethanol and auto-motives. Since 2004, a more outward look policy has been implemented by the government, promoting exports and fostering technological development to increase international competitiveness. In 2008, additional tax incentives for investment, RD and exports were introduced. 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According to Sachs, Brazil will remain an important destination for fixed income, equities and direct foreign investment inflows, because of the high carry trade, the value of the embedded option on growth, and its sound macroeconomic policies and external credit fundamentals. Brazil is generally open to and encourages foreign investment. It is the largest recipient of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Latin America, and the United States is traditionally the top foreign investor in Brazil. Since domestic savings are not sufficient to sustain long-term high growth rates, Brazil must continue to attract FDI, especially as the government plans to invest billions of dollars in off-shore oil, nuclear power, and other infrastructure sectors over the next few years. The major international athletic competitions that Brazil will host every year until the 2016 Rio Olympics are also leading the government to invest in roads, airports, sports facilities, and other areas. Russia Russia is currently the 6th largest economy in the world in terms of purchasing power. They are the worlds 2nd largest oil producing country with up to 14% of world proved oil in reserves and 36% of world gas reserves. A lot has happened in Russia in the last 10 to 20 years. The Russian economy underwent tremendous stress in the 1990s as it moved from a centrally planned economy to a free market system. Difficulties in implementing fiscal reforms aimed at raising government revenues and a dependence on short-term borrowing to finance budget deficits led to a serious financial crisis in 1998. Lower prices for Russias major export earners (oil and minerals) and a loss of investor confidence due to the Asian financial crisis exacerbated financial problems. The result was a rapid and steep decline (60%) in the value of the ruble, flight of foreign investment, delayed payments on sovereign and private debts, a breakdown of commercial transactions through the banking system, and the threat of runaway inflation. With oil prices low and the economy in a deep recession, the government was unable to collect taxes to cover its large expenditure commitments. The government embarked on a rapid privatisation of state-owned assets, in a struggle for control of the most valuable assets. After the collapse of the USSR in 1991, the world community supported a plan of economic reform. However in 1992 Russia became plagued with serious poverty and political conflict. This hampered their efforts for global reform. Despite all the pitfalls, there has been significant growth in their economy in recent years. In fact the Russian economy has been booming in the past decade Russian GDP growth exceeded 8% in 2007; even in 2008, when the global financial turmoil started to bite, GDP growth still reached 5.6%. During the past five years, real GDP increased by more than 40%. 2010 saw Russias economy return to growth with a 3.8% increase in GDP. Russias Economic Development Ministry predicts that the nations GDP will grow 4.2% in 2011. In 2007, a new long-term development programme and a new industrial policy, respectively, was launched, aiming at the diversification of the production structure towards (high-tech) manufacturing by improving the investment climate, promoting public private partnership and investing more in infrastructure. From essentially a government led and government controlled economy to something of a more free market base and international trading economy was the starting point towards the Russian economy which we see today. Russia is now an emerging market worthy of the same breath as the other BRIC nations. The success in Russia can be seen through companies investing here. Examples of Russian investments include Novartis who have committed $500 million to be invested over a 5 year period. The centrepiece of this agreement is the creation of a manufacturing plant in St. Petersburg. Foreign direct investment (FDI) in 2009 fell to less than $40 billion after reaching an all-time high of $75 billion in 2008. Much of the FDI in recent years was Russian capital. Moreover, although the annual flow of FDI into Russia was in line with those of China, India, and Brazil, Russias per capita cumulative FDI lagged far behind such countries as Hungary, Poland, and the Czech Republic. Most foreign mergers and acquisitions in 2009 were in the politically sensitive energy sector, largely because of the huge capital requirements required relative to other sectors. By the end of 2010, analysts predicted that the total FDI for the year would again top $40 billion, but not reach the levels seen in 2008. (Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs, 2011) India India has fared the global financial crisis remarkably well. Despite the 2008-2009 downturn, the government expects the annual GDP  growth to return to around 9%. Indias population is estimated at more than 1.1 billion and is growing at 1.55% a year. It has the worlds 12th largest economyand the third largest in Asia behind Japan and Chinawith total GDP in 2008 of around $1.21 trillion ($1,210 billion). Services, industry, and agriculture account for 54%, 29%, and 18% of GDP. Since 2003, India has been one of the fastest major growing economies in the world. Its economic development is essentially service-led, supported by exports of services (especially IT-enabled services); manufacturing exports are relatively small and are concentrated on a few sectors only. India is capitalizing on its large numbers of well-educated people skilled in the English language to become a major exporter of software services and software workers, but more than half of the population depends on agriculture for its livelihood. India continues to move forward with economic reforms that began in 1991. Reforms include foreign investment and exchange regimes, industrial decontrol, reductions in tariffs and other trade barriers, opening and modernization of the financial sector, significant adjustments in government monetary and fiscal policies, and more safeguards for intellectual property rights. The economy has posted an average growth rate of more than 7% in the decade since 1997, reducing poverty by about 10 percent. India achieved 9.6% GDP growth in 2006, 9.0% in 2007, and 6.6% in 2008, significantly expanding manufactures through late 2008. Growth for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2009 was initially expected to be between 8.5-9.0%, but has been revised downward by a number of economists to 7.0% or less because of the financial crisis and resulting global economic slowdown. However economic growth is hampered by inadequate infrastructure, bureaucracy, corruption, low wages, regulatory and foreign investment controls. India  could become the worlds  third largest economy  by purchasing power parity (PPP), overtaking  Japan  in 2012.  This would be almost 20 years ahead of Goldman Sachs projection of 2032 in its BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, China) report.   India is also expected to grow faster than  China  after 2020. China, which was projected to become the worlds largest economy by 2041, now looks set to achieve the distinction sometime around 2020. Foreign investment is particularly sought after in power generation, telecommunications, ports, roads, petroleum exploration/processing, and mining. Indias external debt was nearly $230 billion by the end of 2008, up from $126 billion in 2005-2006. Foreign assistance was approximately $3 billion in 2006-2007, with the United States providing about $126 million in development assistance. The World Bank plans to double aid to India to almost $3 billion a year, with focus on infrastructure, education, health, and rural livelihoods. China China is seen as the most continuous civilisation in history, not just in terms of politics but also in terms of cultural continuity. The country has a tragic history marked by economic decline, political instability, military humiliation and social regression. China was seen as an economic disaster. This is not only due to the Civil War and Japanese invasion but also due to the plans of the Cultural Revolution. Between the end of the 18th century and the 1960s, Chinas GDP fell from nearly one third of the worlds GDP to less than 5% and only managed to recover in the 2000s. Between 1976 and 2004, China achieved an average GDP growth rate of 9.6%. No other country has experienced such a rapid increase in living standards and working conditions. (Overholt, 2005) Now we have a China that supports economic reform and a China that joins the IMF (International Monetary Fund), World Bank and WTO (World Trade Organisation). But more importantly we have a China that believes in political stability, free trade and free investment. The success of China can be associated with liberalisation and globalisation. In 2004 international trade accounted for 70 percent of Chinas GDP, as compared with 24 percent for Japan. Chinas economic development is driven by manufacturing exports and by investments. (Including infrastructure) Foreign Direct Investment plays an important role, especially for exports. Recently outward FDI, mainly to secure raw materials, has been increasing. Although generating fast growth for over 30 years, the Chinese economic system has come under criticism recently because of rising income inequalities, rapidly increasing energy demands and external imbalances. (O Regan Herciu, 2010) China has also established competition as a very important economic practice. (Failoa, 2009) By incorporating local brands into Chinese local culture it has given China a competitive advantage over countries that are less educated. Education is very important in a nations competitive advantage. It is easier to start operations in a nation with a trained workforce, than in nations where time-consuming and costly training is necessary. China has had great success in promoting first, second and third level education. In fact it is the success of China that is influencing its neighbors like India. India has learned from China the advantages of a more economy open economy. Chinese growth has brought American companies new markets. Their booming economy has attracted firms from Europe, North America, and Asia that are eager to sell their products to the countrys 1.2 billion resident. (Griffin and Pustay, 2005) Like the other BRIC nations, China also faces challenges for the future. In order for China to continue to be recognized internationally as a global power it must reform its areas on human rights. It must also continue to reform state run enterprises. Currently Chinas banking system is the worst in the world. Other than that the future of globalization for China is looking very bright. As Napoleon Bonaparte once said 200 years ago let China sleep, for when she wakes, she will shake the world. (Wolf, 2006). These large emerging economies are playing a huge role in the world economy. The BRICS economies are on the verge of the rapid growth of their consumer markets. (Experience indicates that consumer demand takes off when GNI per capita reaches levels between $3,000 and $10,000 per year.) In Russia there is already significant evidence of the growth of consumerism during the past decade. There are also early signs of similar trends in China and India, where the growth of their middle classes is very rapid. It is expected that within a decade or so, each of the BRICs will show higher returns, increased demand for capital, and stronger national currencies. Rising incomes in the BRICs nations will create a new middle consumer class. Growth in the middle class will be led by China, where number of people entering the middle class is accepted to peak during this decade. Meanwhile, middle class growth in India will accelerate throughout this decade. As China and India are the worlds two most populous countries, rising incomes there will have much greater impact on global demand than any other countries could. Other BRICs (and other emerging markets) will also see a rising middle class in the next decade, and should also see a rising upper class. With the explosion of the middle classes, spending patterns are likely to change. Thus, foreign firms will want to monitor major economic indicators such as GNI (Gross National Income), PPP (Purchasing Power Parity), and the Human Development Index, as well as developments in the cultural, political, and legal environments of those nations in order to guide their investments and organise their local market operations. Q2) What are the implications of the emergence of the BRICs to careers and companies in your country? The implications of the emergence of the BRICs to careers and companies can be analysed by looking at the opportunities and threats for Ireland. In the last year, Ireland like many other countries has been affected by the global economic crisis. The emergence of the BRIC countries can offer huge benefits for Ireland and the BRIC countries can gain a lot by interacting with Ireland. Research shows that the BRIC countries struggle with innovation due to shortages of human capital, limited access to the latest technology, and limited access to capital. These disadvantages can be overcome by the BRICs interacting with countries that do have access to an innovative and highly skilled work-force, lime Ireland. During this time of global financial turmoil, emerging markets will be the main driver of economic growth in future years. Currently the BRIC nations offer some of the most exciting investment opportunities in the world. However, according to figures from the Central Statistics Office, from January 2008 to Oct 2010, the share of Irish trade with the BRICs constituted less that 4% of our overall external trade. (Central Statistics Office) Yet, in terms of potential growth and income, the BRICs represent an opportunity for Ireland. Ireland has a solid reputation for being business friendly to foreign investors as it seeks to attract investment to create jobs. Ireland has the potential to further grow our existing key markets in high-growth and high-potential markets, such as Brazil, Russia, India and China. Key strengths for Ireland include our strong entrepreneurial culture, an educated and highly skilled workforce, a favourable taxation regime, EU membership, our track record in attracting FDI, our strong indigenous sector, and our reputation as a premium tourist destination. Key challenges are in the areas of cost competitiveness, access, transport links, telecommunications infrastructure and banking links. The BRIC group of countries will play an important role in Irelands trade, investment and tourism strategy for the years ahead, reflecting changes in the global economy. In order to create jobs in Ireland, it may be necessary to engage in ventures with, and in the other BRIC nations, firstly, Brazil. (www.labour.ie) Despite Brazils economic success, it is fair to say that the level of trade and investment between Brazil and Ireland does not match the potential of both countries. In fact, while total trade reached US$ 202 billion between January and October 2009, bilateral trade was only US$ 670 million (US$ 265 million exports from Brazil and US$ 404 million imports from Ireland). As export-led growth is the only sustainable route for Ireland, the growing Brazilian demand and the valuation of the Real (Brazils national currency) will certainly ensure high levels of imports in the coming years. On the other hand, Brazil is an important and competitive world supplier of both manufactured and primary goods, as well as a significant service provider. Therefore, more could enter the Irish market. (The Embassy of Brazil in Ireland, 2011) Enterprise Irelands trade mission to Brazil back in November 2010 is an example of the successful relationship between the two countries. The trade mission had brought 34 Irish companies to Brazil with an aim to increase export sales to this vast market. Enterprise Ireland said the country holds huge business opportunities for Irish firms as Brazil is in the middle of major modernisation, infrastructure and development projects. Some examples of Irish companies setting up in Brazil include, Louth Company, Suretank. This company won a contract worth à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬900,000 to supply its cargo carrying units to ISEW, a major supplier of tanks and containers to the oil and gas exploration industry. Also Monaghans Combilift has secured a deal valued at à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬800,000 with Brazilian steel giant Gerdau. Not only are Brazil gaining foreign investment but they are also gaining valuable expertise from Ireland. Its important that Ireland keep up this relationship with Brazil and if there are more opportunities for companies to open new markets, they should. Russia is Europes largest emerging market and the 11th largest economy in the world and continues to offer opportunities to Irish companies. It is a key export market for Irish businesses in sectors such as ICT, engineering, aviation and aerospace, education and training, the life sciences, construction and building services and food and beverages. With the rapid emergence of Russia as one of the BRICs, Ireland continues to benefit from this with more companies both Russian and Irish locating here and in Russia, providing many jobs in different sectors of Industry. Irish companies are responding to the worldwide economic slowdown by actively developing opportunities in new markets. While Russia has not been immune to the current economic difficulties, the continued economic development of Russia has resulted in a much wider range of business and commercial opportunities for Irish companies. Irish exports to Russia continue to grow year-on-year and combined exports of goods and service are now over à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬1.3bn. Irish-owned SMEs export more to Russia than any of the other BRIC countries. According to Enterprise Irelands Head of International Sales and Partnering Gerry Murphy, there are particular opportunities for RD collaboration between the two countries, Ireland and Russia have a very similar national research and development goals, with a strong focus on funding research in nanotechnology, life sciences and ICT. There is considerable scope for Irish educational institutions to build linkages with Russian universities in joint programmes and the commercialisation of Russian RD. Such linkages could benefit both Ireland and Russia, as both countries continue to build knowledge-based economies. (Enterprise Ireland, 2009) It is vital, Ireland continue its trade links with Russia. This relationship will offer huge employment opportunities for people in Ireland and Russia. The political relationship between both countries also contributes to the deepening of the trade-economic cooperation. (Russia IC, 2008) Like the other BRIC countries, India also offers some opportunities to Irish companies and careers. India is a land of opportunity for Irish software and IT companies. Significant potential exists for increasing trade between Ireland and India particularly through software, information technology and e-Business partnerships. India is not only a major market in itself for Irish business but it is also seen by Irish companies as offering an excellent opportunity for developing business, products and markets internationally. Many Irish companies are taking a greater interest in India and Indian companies are also looking towards Ireland. India could provide a safety valve for the Irish Software industry which is currently experiencing a skills shortage in certain disciplines. However Ireland has to compete with the United States and other countries for this talent. The government of Ireland has identified India as a country in Irelands Asia Strategy, and this new thrust could be utilised to increase economic and commercial relations. Indian businesses could exploit the opportunities of investment in Ireland provided by its membership of the European Union, its low corporate tax and its tax incentives for investment in innovation, research and new technologies. Not only that but Ireland is becoming a significant destination in Europe for Indian students for higher education, particularly for post-graduate, doctoral and post-doctoral studies in the areas of engineering/technology and management studies. About 1200 Indian students are currently studying in Ireland. Because of the high quality of higher education institutions in Ireland, there is considerable promise for bilateral linkages between higher education institutions, particularly in science and engineering. Concerted efforts are under way to promote and intensify such linkages. The emergence of India will benefit Ireland hugely in both employment opportunities and investment opportunities for Irish businesses.

Inner Vision: an Exploration of Art and the Brain, by Semir Zeki Essay

Inner Vision: an Exploration of Art and the Brain, by Semir Zeki Is artistic expression intertwined with the inner workings of the brain more than we would ever have imagined? Author and cognitive neuroscientist Semir Zeki certainly thinks so. Zeki is a leading authority on the research surrounding the "visual brain". In his book Inner Vision, he ventures to explain to the reader how our brain actually perceives different works of art, and seeks to provide a biological basis for the theory of aesthetics. With careful attention to details and organization, he manages to explain the brain anatomy and physiology involved when viewing different works of art without sounding impossibly complicated – a definite plus for scientists and non-scientists alike who are interested in the topic of art and the brain. Throughout the book, Zeki supports his arguments by presenting various research experiments, brain image scans, and plenty of relevant artwork to clarify everything described in the text. By mostly focusing on modern masterpieces (which include Vermeer, Michelangelo, Mondrian, kinetic, abstract, and representational art), he convincingly explains how the color, motion, boundaries, and shapes of these unique works of art are each received by specific pathways and systems in the brain that are specially designed to interpret each of these particular aspects of the art, as opposed to a single pathway interpreting all of the visual input. The subject matter that Zeki approaches here is no easy topic to clearly explain to others, especially since a whole lot remains to be discovered in the field itself. Yet Zeki does a superb job of explaining. In my neurobiology class, I recently learned that if we bang our arm or rub... ... Overall, I think that the book is deeply intriguing and engaging – it draws the reader in so intensely that she cannot break free until she reads the very last page. Zeki manages to bring to light so many new ideas about the visual brain. He takes what little we do know about the brain and distinguishes myth from fact. It is interesting to note how much of the book is really just hypothetical guesses proposed by Zeki, since there is still so much about the physiological workings of the brain that we have yet to discover. Nevertheless, I found it fun to read the book and compare the known facts to the theories and make guesses as to what might actually be found to be true someday. This is a most delightful book, and I highly recommend it to anyone who has even the slightest interest in uncovering the mysterious links that exist between the brain and visual art.

Facing the Giants Reaction Paper Essay

The secret of the team’s success is their faith to God. Their coach and the team itself seems to be hopeless and almost to give up, but their coach make a stand and seek God, His revelations and His sovereignty in their situation. Our events team almost has the same situation. We seem to be hopeless in mounting our own event because we are running out of time and we still don’t have an approved title. The good thing is, our professor gave us last chance and our event manager gathered all of us to discuss and vote for our titles proposal. Finally, we were able to hit the mark and get an approval because of our teamwork and perseverance even if there is no hope. This is a very good movie to watch for families and for people who are losing hope in their own situations. I realized that in life, there is nothing we can’t accomplish with faith. We have our own giants, but we cannot face them without God in our side. The movie shows that it is also important that our li ves should be guided by the Word of the Lord because His Words can renew our mindsets and spirits and His Word can light up our journey in this world. I also learned that, wherever God puts me, I must do my best not for myself, not for anybody else, but for His name to be glorified. My life must be a great testimony that will inspire and will encourage others. Giving up is never an option. If we feel like quitting, we must ask ourselves why we started. In everything we will do we must give our best and all that we have, all for our Lord. This movie gives its watchers something to treasure a lifetime. It will move every heart. I was teary eyed in the part where the son was saying sorry to his father after realizing that he really needs to respect his father. It is a good example to follow because nowadays, teenagers don’t have this respect for their parents. Movies nowadays will leave us stunned or give us some laughters but this movie gave us lessons that we can really apply to our families and career life.

The American industrial revolution essay

The American industrial revolution essay The American industrial revolution essay The American industrial revolution essayThe revolutionary nature of the last quarter of the nineteenth century impacted Native Americans, Immigrants and Farmers. In his speech, William Jennings Bryan placed emphasis on the economic development of the country, as well as on the commercial interests of the nation. He evaluated the Gold Standard as an important financial order (Bryan, W. J. (1896, July 8). It is known that the use of the Gold Standard in the nation’s currency occurred in the late19-th century.The most revolutionary social and economic developments of the last quarter of the nineteenth century include the American Civil War (1861-1865), the growth of the U.S. industrial power, the emergence of new technologies (interchangeable parts, the use of assembly line, the invention of the gasoline engine, etc.), expansion of domestic and foreign markets, transportation system (the building of railroads), transformation of agriculture sectors (sharecropping system), etc. (B owles, 2011). In Hawksworth’s The American industrial revolution, there is much important information on the effects of the revolutionary social and economic developments on people in the United States.Different groups of Americans responded to those changes in different ways. Native Americans encountered the annexation of their territories. They were removed to reservations. For Immigrants, the last quarter of the nineteenth century was a period of adaptation. The wave of immigration from Ireland, Italy and many other countries led to changing cultural context. Many Immigrants faced discrimination because of their religious beliefs. For example, â€Å"Catholicism and Judaism were foreign to the primarily Protestant Americans† (Gabbidon, 2010, p. 68). Besides, Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 prohibited mass immigration from Asian countries. Farmers faced the problem of unfair prices or price discrimination in the late 19-th century. The effectiveness of their responses w as obvious. People protested against discrimination and inequalities. Government played an important role in these developments because of legislation, which limited the rights of Native Americans, Immigrants and Farmers.